Which serious adverse reaction is associated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole?

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, a combination antibiotic often used to treat bacterial infections, has been associated with a range of serious adverse reactions. Among these, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) stands out as a particularly severe and potentially life-threatening condition. SJS is a severe skin reaction characterized by blistering and peeling of the skin, often leading to significant mucosal involvement which can be fatal if not treated promptly.

This condition occurs due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the drug, which can lead to widespread necrosis of the epidermis. The risk of developing SJS is notably higher in patients who are treated with sulfonamides like sulfamethoxazole, particularly in those with certain genetic predispositions or underlying conditions.

While other serious adverse reactions associated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole do exist, such as angioedema, neutropenia, and hypotension, Stevens-Johnson syndrome is particularly critical due to its severity and rapid progression. Understanding this association is crucial for healthcare professionals to monitor patients effectively and to recognize early signs of SJS, allowing for timely intervention to minimize complications.