Which of these is a common side effect of opioids?

Constipation is a well-known and common side effect of opioid medications. Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a reduction in the motility of the intestines. This decreased movement results in slower transit times for bowel movements, which can lead to constipation. Patients taking opioids often require preventive measures or additional medications to manage this side effect effectively.

In contrast, options like increased energy, weight loss, and increased heart rate are atypical for opioid use. Opioids generally cause sedation and fatigue rather than increased energy levels. They can lead to weight gain due to changes in metabolism and appetite, rather than weight loss. Finally, opioids often cause bradycardia, or a slower heart rate, rather than an increase in heart rate. Understanding these effects is crucial for managing therapy and addressing patients' needs effectively.