Which electrolyte imbalance is a serious concern with amphotericin B?

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication known for its effectiveness against severe fungal infections but comes with a risk of significant side effects, particularly concerning electrolyte imbalances. Severe hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood, is a serious concern when administering amphotericin B.

The underlying mechanism for this side effect is that amphotericin B interacts with renal tubules, causing an increased excretion of potassium. Potassium is a critical electrolyte that helps maintain normal cell function, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm. When levels drop excessively, it can lead to dangerous complications, such as arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and other cardiovascular issues. Thus, monitoring potassium levels and managing hypokalemia is essential in patients receiving amphotericin B therapy.

In contrast, other electrolyte imbalances listed in the options either do not directly correlate with amphotericin B treatment or are not as impactful as severe hypokalemia. For example, hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) and hyponatremia (low sodium levels) are less commonly associated with the use of amphotericin B. Hypoglycemia, a low level of glucose in the blood, is unrelated to the effects of this antifungal medication. Therefore, recognizing and