What is the main goal of drug metabolism?

The primary goal of drug metabolism is to convert compounds into more excretable forms. This process typically involves transforming lipophilic (fat-soluble) molecules into more hydrophilic (water-soluble) metabolites, a crucial step that facilitates the elimination of drugs and their metabolites from the body, primarily through urine or bile. This conversion is essential for preventing the accumulation of substances in the body, which could lead to toxicity.

Metabolism often transforms drugs into inactive compounds, although in some cases, the process can lead to the formation of active metabolites that may exert therapeutic effects. However, the main focus remains on making these substances easier to eliminate, ensuring that the body can effectively clear these compounds from the system.

In contrast, increasing the potency of drugs, enhancing drug absorption rates, and stabilizing drugs in the bloodstream are not the primary objectives of drug metabolism. Rather, these aspects are related to the therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of a drug, which are distinct from the metabolic processes focused on excretion.