What does the term 'dependence' mean in pharmacology?

In pharmacology, 'dependence' refers specifically to a state where an individual experiences withdrawal symptoms when the drug is abruptly discontinued or reduced. This physiological change occurs because the body has adapted to the presence of the drug, leading to a reliance on it to function normally. As such, when the drug is removed, the individual may experience a range of symptoms that can vary in severity, depending on the substance and duration of use. This concept is crucial in understanding the potential risks associated with long-term drug use and the challenges related to cessation.

The other options reflect different aspects of substance use and behavior but do not accurately capture the clinical definition of pharmacological dependence. For example, a strong preference for a drug without negative effects does not imply dependence, as dependence includes a physiological aspect characterized by withdrawal. Similarly, a desire to increase dosages pertains more to tolerance or behavioral aspects of consumption, rather than the physiological criteria that define dependence. Lastly, the ability to stop using a drug without issues indicates that the person is not dependent, as a defining feature of dependence is the experience of symptoms upon cessation.